{"id":2467,"date":"2017-12-27T15:08:45","date_gmt":"2017-12-27T13:08:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/gcosbuc.ro\/revista\/?p=2467"},"modified":"2017-12-27T23:38:28","modified_gmt":"2017-12-27T21:38:28","slug":"scurta-istorie-a-evreilor-din-cluj-evreii-din-cluj","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/taitung.eu\/index.php\/scurta-istorie-a-evreilor-din-cluj-evreii-din-cluj\/","title":{"rendered":"Scurta istorie a evreilor din Cluj"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00a0Evreii din Cluj fac parte din istoria ora\u0219ului de cel pu\u021bin 500 de ani. Indiferent de greut\u0103\u021bile \u00eent\u00e2mpinate de-a lungul istoriei, comunitatea evreiasc\u0103 a reu\u0219it s\u0103 mearg\u0103 mai departe \u0219i s\u0103 contribuie constant la dezvoltarea ora\u0219ului.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Secolele XV – XIX<\/h5>\n

Chiar dac\u0103 evreii s-au stabilit \u00een Transilvania \u00eencep\u00e2nd cu epoca roman\u0103, prima atestare a evreilor clujeni apare de abia \u00een secolul al 15-lea. \u00cen secolul al 17, la presiunile turcilor, evreii \u00eencep s\u0103 contribuie mai activ la via\u021ba economic\u0103. Totu\u0219i, p\u00e2n\u0103 la finalul secolului, ace\u0219tia nu erau \u00eenc\u0103 considera\u021bi cet\u0103\u021beni \u0219i nu avea acces la pie\u021bele cet\u0103\u021bii.<\/span><\/p>\n

Cu toate acestea, evreii jucau un rol important \u00een via\u021ba economic\u0103 a Transilvaniei. Astfel, toate contactele comerciale dintre Transilvania \u015fi Turcia, \u0162ara Rom\u00e2neasc\u0103, Moldova sau Polonia treceau prin Cluj \u015fi se derulau cu intermedierea evreilor.<\/span><\/p>\n

Evreii locuiau \u00een jurul ora\u0219ului de ast\u0103zi, \u00een afara zidului. \u00cen secolul al 19-lea apare deja \u00een Cluj o strad\u0103 a evreilor, Zsid\u00f3 K\u0151z, cunoscut\u0103 ast\u0103zi sub numele de \u00a0Horea. Acum apare deja o adev\u0103rata comunitate iudaic\u0103 in Cluj, printre cele mai importante familii amintim: Deutsch, Rebics, Wellisch, Abraham, Samuel. Conform statisticilor oficiale La \u00eenceputul secolului al 19-lea \u00een Cluj tr\u0103iau 17 familii de evrei. Num\u0103rul lor urma s\u0103 creasc\u0103 exponen\u021bial odat\u0103 cu dreptul de a se stabili \u00een ora\u0219.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"strada_horea_veche_evrei\"
Strada Horea, vechea strad\u0103 evreiasc\u0103 din Cluj<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Evreii din Cluj \u00een secolul al XX-lea<\/h5>\n

Odat\u0103 cu evolu\u021bia \u015fi extinderea, comunitatea evreiasc\u0103 din Cluj devine una dintre cele mai importante din Transilvania.Conform unui recens\u0103m\u00e2nt din 1910, <\/span>\u00een Cluj \u00ee\u0219i aveau locuin\u021bele 7046 de evrei<\/span>, urm\u00e2nd c\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een anul 1941 num\u0103rul lor s\u0103 creasc\u0103 la 16.763.
\n<\/span><\/p>\n

Transilvania a fost gazda multor poe\u021bi, scriitori, ziari\u0219ti, dar \u015fi regizori din comunitatea evreiasc\u0103. Jen\u0151 Janovics este considerat unul dintre pionierii regiz\u0103rii filmelor mute. El \u00eenfiin\u021beaz\u0103 \u00een 1910 \u201cIntreprinderea de Cinematografie\u201d \u015fi va juca un rol foarte important pentru actorii \u015fi regizorii clujeni, prin reorganizarea activit\u0103\u021bii teatrale clujene \u015fi a celei din Transilvania.<\/span><\/p>\n

Intrarea armatei maghiare \u00een Cluj la 11 septembrie 1940 a reprezentat un motiv de bucurie pentru evreii clujeni, chia<\/span>r dac\u0103 situa\u021bia acestora \u00een Ungaria era bine cunoscut\u0103. \u00cen Rom\u00e2nia, primele m\u0103suri discriminatorii \u00eempotriva comunit\u0103\u021bii evreie\u0219ti fuseser\u0103 deja luate, avoca\u021bii, antreprenorii \u015fi me\u0219te\u0219ugarii fiind cei mai afecta\u021bi. Mai mult, p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een octombrie 1940, noua administra\u021bie militar\u0103 interzice c\u0103s\u0103toriile dintre evrei \u0219i rom\u00e2ni \u0219i limiteaz\u0103 num\u0103rul evreilor \u00een institu\u021biile de \u00eenv\u0103\u021b\u0103m\u00e2nt. \u00cen continuare, li se limiteaz\u0103 complet accesul la educa\u021bie. Ca urmare a celui de al doilea dictat de la Viena Ardealul de nord revine Ungariei.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"sinagoga_horea_1887_evrei\"
Sinagoga de pe strada Horea, la scurt timp dup\u0103 construc\u021bie, 1887<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
Sub ocupa\u021bie german\u0103<\/h5>\n

Din 27 martie 1944 Clujul intr\u0103 sub ocupa\u021bie german\u0103, c\u00e2nd \u00eencepe o ac\u021biune de terorizare a comunit\u0103\u021bii deja lovite, prin privarea de drepturi \u015fi distrugerea popula\u021biei.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>A dou\u0103 zi dup\u0103 intrarea \u00een Cluj, sunt aresta\u021bi intelectuali \u015fi oameni \u00eenst\u0103ri\u021bi evrei, \u00een special persoanele publice cu influen\u021b\u0103 din ora\u0219. Evreii nu mai au voie s\u0103 fac\u0103 parte din sindicate \u0219i din institu\u021bii publice. Li se interzice dreptul de a-\u0219i angaja servitori cre\u0219tini \u0219i de a asculta radio. Cea mai umilitoare m\u0103sur\u0103 luat\u0103 a fost, totu\u0219i, introducerea obligativit\u0103\u021bii purt\u0103rii stelei galbene \u00een dreptul pieptului. A \u00eenceput transportarea evreilor \u00een ghetoul din cartierul Iris, \u00een fabrica de c\u0103r\u0103mizi<\/span><\/p>\n

Deport\u0103rile la Auschwitz<\/h5>\n

Foarte pu\u0163ini au reu\u015fit s\u0103 fug\u0103 din calea pericolului, <\/span>lovindu-se de problema alian\u021bei pe care Rom\u00e2nia o \u00eencheiase deja cu Germania. Fugarii erau, astfel, preda\u021bi automat celui de-al treilea Reich.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"evreii
Evrei clujeni purt\u00e2nd steaua lui David<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Au existat clujeni care au venit \u00een sprijinul evreilor, oferindu-le ad\u0103post. Totu\u0219i, din p\u0103cate, popula\u021bia a ar\u0103tat pasivitate, poate chiar o form\u0103 de satisfac\u021bie.\u00a0Mul\u0163i intelectuali, dar \u015fi oameni simpli s-au pus \u00een pericol pentru a-i ajuta<\/a> \u00een orice mod a fost posibil.<\/span><\/p>\n

La 15 mai 1944 \u00eencep deport\u0103rile. Primul tren cu evrei p\u0103r\u0103se\u0219te Clujul pe 25 mai. Oamenii sunt \u00eenghesui\u021bi \u00een vagoane de vite, f\u0103r\u0103 hran\u0103, f\u0103r\u0103 ap\u0103 \u0219i cu sc\u00e2nduri b\u0103tute la geamuri. Cei mai slabi nu rezist\u0103 condi\u021biilor crunte \u0219i mul\u021bi dintre ei \u00ee\u0219i pierd via\u021ba pe drum. Primul transport duce \u00een principal intelectuali \u0219i medici. Afl\u00e2ndu-\u0219i destina\u021bia, ace\u0219tia c\u0103l\u0103toresc, totu\u0219i, cu speran\u021ba de a ob\u021bine posturi mai bune \u00een lag\u0103r.\u00a0<\/span>Doar un sfert din evreii transilv\u0103neni au reu\u0219it s\u0103 supravie\u021buiasc\u0103 Holocaustului, fiind \u00eent\u00e2mpina\u021bi cu ostilitate de localnici c\u00e2nd s-au \u00eentors.<\/span><\/p>\n

Comunitatea evreilor din Cluj azi<\/h5>\n

Comunitatea evreiasc\u0103<\/a> m\u0103sura \u00een 2011 155 de persoane(\u00een sc\u0103dere fa\u021b\u0103 de 2002). C\u00e2t despre semnele prezen\u0163ei evreie\u015fti \u00een Cluj, acestea sunt ast\u0103zi pu\u0163ine.\u00a0 Totu\u015fi, mai avem 4 sinagogi, una ad\u0103postind Institutul de Iudaistic\u0103 al Universit\u0103\u0163ii Babe\u015f-Bolyai. Singura sinagog\u0103 \u00een care se mai efectueaz\u0103 serviciul religios este cea din strada Horea. Doar dou\u0103 dintre cele patru cimitire evreie\u015fti mai func\u0163ioneaz\u0103 ast\u0103zi. Comunitatea Evreiasc\u0103 din Cluj<\/a> este reprezentat\u0103 ast\u0103zi de c\u0103tre un pre\u015fedinte, dr. Robert Schwartz \u015fi de un consiliu de conducere. Sunt depuse eforturi considerabile pentru p\u0103strarea identit\u0103\u0163ii evreie\u015fti.<\/a> Exist\u0103 o cantin\u0103 ritual\u0103 \u00een strada Paris \u0219i se organizeaz\u0103 cursuri de limba ebraic\u0103 \u015fi de Talmud-Tora. \u00cen cadrul sinagogii din strada Horea, se aniverseaz\u0103 colectiv diverse s\u0103rb\u0103tori \u0219i evenimente.<\/span><\/p>\n

Puteam vedea c\u0103 \u0219i \u00een Cluj, ca \u00een cea mai mare parte a Europei, evreii au avut parte de ur\u0103 \u0219i de limitarea libert\u0103\u021bilor, av\u00e2ndu-\u0219i apogeul \u00een uciderile \u00een mas\u0103 cunoscute sub numele de \u201eHolocaust\u201d. \u00cen ciuda acestora, mica comunitate evreiasc\u0103 din Cluj contribuie activ la via\u021ba cultural\u0103 a ora\u0219ului prin organizarea Zilelor Evreie\u0219ti \u0219i a diferitelor simpozioane \u0219i concerte tematice.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00a0Evreii din Cluj fac parte din istoria ora\u0219ului de cel pu\u021bin 500 de ani. Indiferent de greut\u0103\u021bile \u00eent\u00e2mpinate de-a lungul istoriei, comunitatea evreiasc\u0103 a reu\u0219it s\u0103 mearg\u0103 mai departe \u0219i s\u0103 contribuie constant la dezvoltarea ora\u0219ului. Secolele XV – XIX Chiar dac\u0103 evreii s-au stabilit \u00een Transilvania \u00eencep\u00e2nd cu epoca roman\u0103, prima atestare a evreilor…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":29,"featured_media":2476,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[224],"tags":[253,256,228,254,227,255],"class_list":["post-2467","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-reportaje","tag-cluj","tag-comunitatea-evreilor-din-cluj","tag-evrei","tag-evreii-din-cluj","tag-holocaust","tag-istoria-evreilor-clujeni"],"yoast_head":"\nScurta istorie a evreilor din Cluj - evreii din Cluj -<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Evreii din Cluj fac parte din istoria ora\u0219ului de cel pu\u021bin 500 de ani. 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