{"id":2608,"date":"2018-01-08T16:41:16","date_gmt":"2018-01-08T14:41:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/gcosbuc.ro\/revista\/?p=2608"},"modified":"2018-01-08T16:51:29","modified_gmt":"2018-01-08T14:51:29","slug":"cimitirul-clujului-hajongard","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/taitung.eu\/index.php\/cimitirul-clujului-hajongard\/","title":{"rendered":"Cimitirul Clujului – Hajongard"},"content":{"rendered":"

De la Ion Ag\u00e2rbiceanu, la Iuliu Ha\u021bieganu, la Emil Racovi\u021b\u0103, cimitirul central este locul de odihn\u0103 al multor personalit\u0103\u021bi clujene. Hajongard-ul este un simbol al Clujului pe care mult\u0103 lume nu \u00eel cunoa\u0219te.<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Cimitirul central \u201eHajongard\u201d(\u00een maghiar\u0103 <\/span>H\u00e1zsong\u00e1rdi temet\u0151<\/span><\/i>) se afl\u0103 \u00een partea central-sudic\u0103 a municipiului Cluj-Napoca \u0219i se \u00eentinde pe o suprafa\u0163\u0103 de peste 22 de hectare, \u00eentre str\u0103zile Avram Iancu \u0219i Calea Turzii.<\/span><\/p>\n

Denumirea cimitirului \u201eHajongard\u201d este incert\u0103, iar versiunile \u00een acest sens difer\u0103. Se crede c\u0103 ar proveni din unul dintre urm\u0103toarele trei cuvinte : \u201eHasinschart\u201d, dup\u0103 numele unui burghez german, \u201eHasengarten\u201d, ceea ce \u00een limba german\u0103 \u00eenseamn\u0103 \u201egr\u0103din\u0103 cu iepuri\u201d, sau \u201eHaselgarten\u201d, \u00eensemn\u00e2nd, tot \u00een limba german\u0103, \u201egr\u0103din\u0103 cu alune\u201d. Exist\u0103, \u00eens\u0103, \u015fi unele opinii, conform c\u0103rora denumirea ar proveni, de fapt, din limba olandez\u0103, din termenul \u201eHarsboomgard\u201d, adic\u0103 \u201egr\u0103dina cu pomi\u201d sau \u201e gr\u0103dina cu tei\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

Cimitirul exist\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103 din perioada medieval\u0103<\/b><\/h6>\n

\u00cen Clujul medieval, oamenii erau \u00eenmorm\u00e2nta\u021bi \u00een jurul bisericii centrale \u0219i \u00een interiorul cet\u0103\u021bii. \u00cen timpul epidemiei de cium\u0103, cimitirul din centrul ora\u0219ului devine supraaglomerat \u0219i consiliul ora\u0219ului decide s\u0103 \u00eenfiin\u021beze un nou cimitir, \u00een afara cet\u0103\u021bii. Din vara anului 1585, locuitorii Clujului vor fi \u00eenmorm\u00e2nta\u021bi acolo.<\/span><\/p>\n

Noul cimitir \u00eencepe s\u0103 se extind\u0103. Zonele m\u0103rgina\u015fe ale cimitirului sunt flancate de gr\u0103dini private \u015fi livezi; unele dintre aceste zone se vor contopi cu acesta. \u00cen anul 1739, se formeaz\u0103 sectorul pentru luterani, \u00een urma dona\u0163iei contelui Iohannes Fabritius de Gladys. \u00cen anii 1840, ia fiin\u0163\u0103 vechiul cimitir evreiesc, \u00een zona nord-estic\u0103 a Hajongardului, aproape de actuala strad\u0103 Aviator B\u0103descu. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00cen 1881, se constituie \u015fi primul regulament al cimitirului. \u00cen acel an se stabilesc pre\u0163urile la care sunt acordate mormintele. C\u0103ile de acces \u00eentre l\u0103ca\u015furi s-au format \u00een mod spontan, f\u0103r\u0103 o planificare prealabil\u0103. Prima planificare organizat\u0103 are loc \u00een 1885, atunci c\u00e2nd multe pietre funerare ne\u00eengrijite (cea mai veche dateaz\u0103 din 1599 \u015fi se afl\u0103 \u00een cimitirul luteran) sunt \u00eendep\u0103rtate. Plantarea copacilor e specific\u0103 celei de-a doua jum\u0103t\u0103\u021bi a secolului al XIX-lea. Capela \u00een care se \u0163in slujbele de \u00eenmorm\u00e2ntare a fost construit\u0103 \u00een anul 1897.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"hajongard_eroi\"
Cimitirul eroilor<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u00a0<\/span> \u00cen urma unei hot\u0103r\u00e2ri din 1892, cimitirul se extinde spre sud \u0219i c\u0103tre vest. \u00cen timpul Primului R\u0103zboi Mondial, continu\u0103 extinderea spre sud (p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een Calea Turzii). Se \u00eenfiin\u021beaz\u0103 Cimitirul Eroilor, unde sunt \u00eenhuma\u021bi solda\u021bii c\u0103zu\u021bi la datorie. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0<\/span> O caracteristic\u0103 a cimitirului Hajongard reprezint\u0103 faptul c\u0103 este un loc de veci \u00een care de-a lungul timpului au fost \u00eenhuma\u021bi oameni de diverse etnii (rom\u00e2ni, maghiari, germani, evrei) \u015fi care apar\u021bin diverselor confesiuni (romano-catolici, greco-catolici, luterani, calvini\u0219ti, protestan\u021bi, unitarieni, iudaici). Aceea\u0219i varietate se poate observa \u0219i \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te clasele sociale din care provin cei \u00eenmorm\u00e2nta\u021bi aici.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0<\/span> La \u00eenceput, caracterul cimitirului a fost definit de unitarieni, care reprezentau popula\u0163ia majoritar\u0103 a Clujului. Ulterior, sub comanda principilor reforma\u021bi, num\u0103rul locuitorilor clujeni care aveau acest\u0103 confesiune s-a m\u0103rit. Din secolul al XVIII-lea, din momentul \u00een care Transilvania ajunge sub st\u0103p\u00e2nire habsburgic\u0103, cre\u0219te num\u0103rul romano-catolicilor. Din punct de vedere etnic, maghiarii constituiau majoritatea, urma\u021bi de rom\u00e2ni, germani \u015fi evrei.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span> Dup\u0103 Primul R\u0103zboi Mondial, dup\u0103 ce Transilvania intr\u0103 oficial \u00een componen\u021ba Rom\u00e2niei, \u00eencepe, treptat, s\u0103 creasc\u0103 num\u0103rul rom\u00e2nilor, p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een 1940, c\u00e2nd Transilvania devine din nou parte a Ungariei. Odat\u0103 cu realipirea Transilvaniei la Rom\u00e2nia, num\u0103rul rom\u00e2nilor \u00eencepe s\u0103 creasc\u0103 din nou, iar \u00een anii 60\u2019 \u0219i \u201870 acesta \u00eel dep\u0103\u0219e\u0219te pe cel al maghiarilor. Aceasta influen\u021beaz\u0103, bine\u00een\u021beles componen\u021ba cimitirului<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"hajongard_apaczai_csere_janos\"
Morm\u00e2ntul matematicianului J\u00e1nos Ap\u00e1czai Csere<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Personalit\u0103\u0163i \u00eenhumate<\/b><\/h6>\n

Cimitirul Hajongard este un simbol al ora\u015fului Cluj \u015fi totodat\u0103 o oglind\u0103 a locuitorilor lui. La \u00eenceput, g\u0103sim aici me\u015fte\u015fugari, preo\u0163i, profesori, dar \u015fi nobili. Din 1790, c\u00e2nd Dieta Transilvaniei se mut\u0103 de la Sibiu la Cluj apar cavourile somptuoase ale familiilor nobiliare (se pot identifica trei tipuri de loc de veci: cripta, tumba \u015fi cavoul). \u00cen urma deschiderii Universit\u0103\u0163ii Regale Maghiare, vor fi \u00eenmorm\u00e2nta\u0163i cercet\u0103tori \u015fi profesori universitari, fie ei maghiari, rom\u00e2ni, germani sau evrei.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Printre personalit\u0103\u0163ile clujene \u00eenhumate aici se num\u0103r\u0103: Emil Racovi\u0163\u0103, Istv\u00e1n Asztalos, Raluca Ripan, K\u00e1roly K\u00f3s, Emil \u015fi Iuliu Ha\u0163ieganu, Emil Isac, Augustin Bena, Mikl\u00f3s J\u00f3sika, con\u0163ii Bethlen \u015fi Teleki, Mikl\u00f3s B\u00e1nffy, M\u00e1ria Rh\u00e9dey, Imre Mik\u00f3, Gheorghe Dima, S\u00e1muel Brassai, J\u00e1nos Ap\u00e1czai Csere, Jen\u0151 Dsida, Ion Ag\u00e2rbiceanu, M\u00f3zsa Berde, familia Mauksch-Hintz, Iohannes Fabritius de Gladys \u015fi mul\u021bi al\u021bii.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

De la Ion Ag\u00e2rbiceanu, la Iuliu Ha\u021bieganu, la Emil Racovi\u021b\u0103, cimitirul central este locul de odihn\u0103 al multor personalit\u0103\u021bi clujene. Hajongard-ul este un simbol al Clujului pe care mult\u0103 lume nu \u00eel cunoa\u0219te. Cimitirul central \u201eHajongard\u201d(\u00een maghiar\u0103 H\u00e1zsong\u00e1rdi temet\u0151) se afl\u0103 \u00een partea central-sudic\u0103 a municipiului Cluj-Napoca \u0219i se \u00eentinde pe o suprafa\u0163\u0103 de peste…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":2620,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[224],"tags":[298,300,297,299],"class_list":["post-2608","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-reportaje","tag-cimitir","tag-cimitirul-central","tag-hajongard","tag-janos-apacsai-czere"],"yoast_head":"\nCimitirul Clujului - Hajongard -<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"De la Ion Ag\u00e2rbiceanu, la Iuliu Ha\u021bieganu, la Emil Racovi\u021b\u0103, cimitirul hajongard este locul de odihn\u0103 al multor personalit\u0103\u021bi clujene. 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