{"id":3343,"date":"2018-10-01T16:17:08","date_gmt":"2018-10-01T13:17:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/gcosbuc.ro\/revista\/?p=3343"},"modified":"2018-10-01T16:30:30","modified_gmt":"2018-10-01T13:30:30","slug":"scoala-de-azi-vs-scoala-de-ieri-problemele","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/taitung.eu\/index.php\/scoala-de-azi-vs-scoala-de-ieri-problemele\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0218coala de azi vs \u0219coala de ieri: problemele"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Perioada postdecembrist\u0103 a atras dup\u0103 sine agonia unei tranzi\u021bii deosebit de dificile pentru societatea rom\u00e2neasc\u0103. Cu o economie \u00een deriv\u0103, o societate civil\u0103 aproape inexistent\u0103 \u0219i cu o clas\u0103 politic\u0103 format\u0103 \u00een principal din fo\u0219ti activi\u0219ti comuni\u0219ti, anii \u201d90 \u0219i 2000 au generat o serie de modific\u0103ri structurale, care aveau menirea de a face tranzi\u021bia c\u0103tre un regim democratic. Din acest malaxor al schimb\u0103rii nu avea cum s\u0103 scape nici \u0219coala.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

De la \u00eenv\u0103\u021bare la titluri de scandal<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Nenum\u0103ratele schimb\u0103ri legislative, reformele e\u0219uate, modific\u0103rile frecvente ale metodologiilor de admitere \u00een \u0219coli, viziunile contradictorii, mini\u0219trii cu competen\u021be manageriale \u00eendoielnice, proveni\u021bi din alte domenii de activitate, au generat o stare de confuzie general\u0103, at\u00e2t \u00een percep\u021bia public\u0103, c\u00e2t \u0219i \u00een interiorul sistemului. Suprapuse peste o criz\u0103 general\u0103 a valorilor din societate, \u0219coala rom\u00e2neasc\u0103 a pierdut \u00eencetul cu \u00eencetul prestigiul de care s-a bucurat \u00een epocile precedente. Starea de nemul\u021bumire \u0219i confuzie a societ\u0103\u021bii fa\u021b\u0103 de sistemul educa\u021bional a fost accentuat\u0103 \u0219i de articolele mai mult sau mai pu\u021bin avizate ale mass-mediei. Conflictele profesori-p\u0103rin\u021bi \u0219i elevi-profesori au umplut paginile ziarelor \u0219i burtierele televiziunilor<\/a>, transmi\u021b\u00e2nd opiniei publice o stare de degringolad\u0103, de haos \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te sistemul de \u00eenv\u0103\u021b\u0103m\u00e2nt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nimeni nu mai are \u00eencredere \u00een nimeni<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Pe de alt\u0103 parte, ne\u00eencrederea \u00een capacitatea sistemului de \u00eenv\u0103\u021b\u0103m\u00e2nt de a se reforma a contribuit la crearea unor percep\u021bii diametral opuse a principalilor actori implica\u021bi \u00een procesul educa\u021bional: elevii, profesorii \u0219i p\u0103rin\u021bii. Lipsa dialogului, ne\u00eencrederea \u00een interlocutor \u0219i \u00een bunele inten\u021bii ale acestuia, incapacitatea de a purta o discu\u021bie argumentat\u0103, ra\u021bional\u0103, concentrat\u0103 pe identificarea de solu\u021bii, a condus adeseori la o stare tensionat\u0103, conflictual\u0103 \u00eentre \u0219coal\u0103 \u0219i familie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Siguri de adev\u0103rul lor, de juste\u021bea argumentelor invocate, at\u00e2t profesorii c\u00e2t \u0219i p\u0103rin\u021bii (\u0219i, pe cale de consecin\u021b\u0103, \u0219i elevii) refuz\u0103 de foarte multe ori dialogul \u0219i dezbaterea civilizat\u0103, \u00eencerc\u00e2nd s\u0103-\u0219i impun\u0103 un cutare punct de vedere, \u00een defavoarea \u00een\u021belegerii \u0219i a compromisului. De cele mai multe ori culpa este a celuilalt, actorii refuz\u00e2nd s\u0103-\u0219i asume responsabilitatea pentru propriile erori sau s\u0103-\u0219i asume vreo vin\u0103 \u00een declan\u0219area unui conflict.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0218coala de ieri<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cu toate acestea, s\u0103 fie lipsa dialogului o problem\u0103 a societ\u0103\u021bii actuale, iar lucrurile s\u0103 fi stat diferit \u00een perioadele istorice anterioare?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Orice societate aflat\u0103 \u00een derut\u0103 apeleaz\u0103 la ceea ce istoricii au numit \u201eMitul v\u00e2rstei de Aur\u201d<\/strong>, adic\u0103 la idealizarea unei anumite perioade din istoria na\u021bional\u0103, luat\u0103 ca reper politic, moral sau social sau, \u00een cazul nostru, educa\u021bional. Pentru societatea rom\u00e2neasc\u0103, \u201eMitul v\u00e2rstei de Aur\u201d<\/strong> se reg\u0103se\u0219te \u00een anii interbelici, dar \u0219i \u00een cei ai comunismului (de situa\u021bia sistemului educa\u021bional rom\u00e2nesc din perioada comunist\u0103 m\u0103 voi ocupa \u00eentr-un articol ulterior). Considera\u021bi a fi etalonul societ\u0103\u021bii f\u0103r\u0103 cusur, \u00een care domnea rigoarea \u0219i disciplina \u00een \u0219coli, societatea face adesea apel la virtu\u021bile acelor vremuri pentru a le compara cu dezastrul actual. Dar, oare, s\u0103 fi fost o societate chiar at\u00e2t de ideal\u0103 pe c\u00e2t o proiecteaz\u0103 mentalul colectiv? Sursele ne determin\u0103 s\u0103 ne nuan\u021b\u0103m pu\u021bin pozi\u021bia!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Prima zi de \u0219coal\u0103 – \u00een comunism<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Pentru sus\u021binerea punctului de vedere apelez la Anuarul Liceului \u0219i Internatului de fete \u201dRegina Maria\u201d din Cluj, editat \u00eentre 1919-1930, precursorul actualului Colegiu Na\u021bional \u201dGeorge Co\u0219buc\u201d din Cluj-Napoca. Men\u021bionez c\u0103 perspectiva ilustrat\u0103 aici este cea a direc\u021biunii \u0219i a corpului profesoral \u0219i reflect\u0103 c\u00e2teva dintre problemele cu care se confrunta \u0219coala rom\u00e2neasc\u0103 \u00een primul deceniu al perioadei interbelice.\u00a0<\/span>O radiografie extrem de sugestiv\u0103 a societ\u0103\u021bii rom\u00e2ne\u0219ti dup\u0103 Marea Unire din 1918 ne este oferit\u0103 de primul director al liceului, Nicolae Bogdanu:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/span>Am spus-o \u0219i de dealt\u0103dat\u0103 \u0219i o repet \u0219i acum. \u00cen haosul \u00een care ne afl\u0103m, \u00een aceast\u0103 epoc\u0103 pornit\u0103 spre rele, c\u00e2nd pretutindeni nu vedem dec\u00e2t anarhie \u0219i dispre\u021b de legi \u0219i de or\u00e2ndueli, avem neap\u0103rat\u0103 nevoie de un punct fix, c\u0103tre care trebuie s\u0103 ne \u00eendrept\u0103m privirile \u0219i de la care trebuie s\u0103 ne vin\u0103 m\u00e2ntuirea, \u0219i acest punct nu poate fi dec\u00e2t \u0219coala. Deaci trebue s\u0103 ias\u0103 cuv\u00e2ntul de ordine, deaci trebue s\u0103 porneasc\u0103 \u00eendemnurile spre bine; aici trebue s\u0103 se pun\u0103 fr\u00e2u ambi\u021biunilor nem\u0103surate, aci trebue s\u0103 se pun\u0103 fr\u00e2u patimei, urei \u0219i l\u0103comiei \u0219i aici trebue insuflat sentimentul de datorie mai presus de toate <\/p>Anuarul Liceului \u0219i Internatului de fete \u201eRegina Maria\u201d din Cluj pe anul al doilea \u0219colar 1920\/1921<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Institutul Sf. Tereza – Ast\u0103zi corpul B<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Un aspect asupra c\u0103ruia se apleac\u0103 \u0219i reprezentan\u021bii \u0219colii interbelice \u00eentr-o not\u0103 tragi-comic\u0103 este preluat, parc\u0103, din realit\u0103\u021bile noastre actuale \u2013 absen\u021bele \u0219i \u201echiulul organizat\u201d:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Anul al doilea de \u0219coal\u0103 l-am putea numi anul boalelor \u0219i absen\u021belor, elevele lipsind din cale afar\u0103 de mult, num\u0103rul absen\u021belor trecuse de-a binele limita normal\u0103 \u0219i pusese pe g\u00e2nduri corpul profesoral.<\/p>

Avem impresia, c\u0103 preocupa\u021biunea principal\u0103 a lor [elevelor] sunt distrac\u021biile \u0219i spectacolele; aceste le fr\u0103m\u00e2nt\u0103 creerul fraged, iar nu grija de \u0219coal\u0103 \u0219i munca serioas\u0103. E datorin\u021ba noastr\u0103 \u0219i \u00een prima linie a \u0219coalei, s\u0103 pre\u00eent\u00e2mpin\u0103m acest r\u0103u \u0219i s\u0103 nu l\u0103s\u0103m s\u0103 prind\u0103 r\u0103d\u0103cin\u0103, c\u0103ci ni s-a \u00eent\u00e2mplat s\u0103 vedem deja, c\u0103 feti\u021be de-ale noastre, cari spre pild\u0103 S\u00e2mb\u0103t\u0103 au lipsit de la \u0219coal\u0103, d\u00e2ndu-se ca bolnave, Duminic\u0103 au mers la cinematograf, pentru ca luni din nou s\u0103 lipseasc\u0103<\/p>Anuarul Liceului \u0219i Internatului de fete \u201eRegina Maria\u201d din Cluj pe anul al doilea \u0219colar 1921\/1922<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Aparent, problema nu a disp\u0103rut, ba, din contr\u0103, s-a acutizat \u00een anii ce au urmat:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Absen\u021bele sunt de remarcat mai ales la vacan\u021bele de Cr\u0103ciun \u0219i Pa\u0219ti. Nu e destul, c\u0103 lec\u021biile abia se \u00eencep la 1 Octomvrie, mul\u021bi p\u0103rin\u021bi \u00ee\u0219i aduc copilele cu 2-3 zile, uneori \u0219i cu c\u00e2te o s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103 mai t\u00e2rziu; nu e destul, c\u0103 vacan\u021bele \u00een sine sunt din cale afar\u0103 lungi, mul\u021bi p\u0103rin\u021bi le \u00eencep cu c\u00e2teva zile mai cur\u00e2nd, pentru ca s\u0103 le lungeasc\u0103 iar\u0103\u0219i cu c\u00e2teva zile \u00eengreun\u00e2nd prin aceasta \u00een mod u\u0219uratic nu numai \u00eenv\u0103\u021b\u0103tura fiicei lor, dar stric\u00e2nd ordinea \u0219i disciplina \u0219colar\u0103.<\/p>

Te apuc\u0103 groaza c\u00e2nd e s\u0103 dai vacan\u021ba de Cr\u0103ciun sau de Pa\u0219ti. P\u0103rin\u021bii \u0219tiu c\u00e2nd se dau vacan\u021ba, c\u0103ci se anun\u021b\u0103 acest lucru cu s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2ni \u00eenainte, cu toate acestea cu zile \u00eenainte e\u0219ti asaltat cu telefoane, cu telegrame, de cutare \u0219i cutare p\u0103rinte ca s\u0103-i la\u0219i fiica acas\u0103, sau av\u00e2nd d\u00e2nsul \u00eenainte de vacan\u021b\u0103 ceva de lucru prin Cluj \u2013 uneori chiar se face c\u0103 a avut de lucru \u2013 te piseaz\u0103 \u0219i te piseaz\u0103 s\u0103-i la\u0219i fata acas\u0103, invoc\u00e2nd fel \u0219i fel de motive, unele mai pu\u021bin serioase ca celelalte; iar dac\u0103 rezi\u0219ti \u0219i nu te la\u0219i \u00eenduplecat, \u00een loc s\u0103 se bucure c\u0103 cel pu\u021bin \u0219coala caut\u0103 s\u0103 \u021bin\u0103 la ordine \u0219i exactitate, se sup\u0103r\u0103 pe tine, ba uneori \u021bi-l faci chiar du\u0219man. \u0218i mai caracteristic \u00een toat\u0103 afacerea e, c\u0103 aceste n\u0103cazuri le ai mai ales cu intelectualii; \u021b\u0103ranul te \u00een\u021belege mai u\u0219or \u0219i dac\u0103 i-ai spus odat\u0103, c\u0103 a\u0219a e r\u00e2nduiala, ascult\u0103 \u0219i nu mai inzist\u0103.<\/p>

Dar absen\u021bele dese nu-s numai la \u00eenceputul \u0219i la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul vacan\u021belor, ci \u0219i \u00een decursul anului. Demulte ori ni s\u2019a \u00eent\u00e2mplat ca eleve s\u0103 lipseasc\u0103 azi de la \u0219coal\u0103, pentru ca seara s\u0103 o vezi la teatru sau la cinematograf; sau viceversa, s\u0103 o vezi seara la spectacol \u0219i a doua zi s\u0103 lipseasc\u0103 dela \u0219coal\u0103, iar Doamna mam\u0103 o trimite \u00een ziua proxim\u0103 la dirigenta de clas\u0103 cu o motivare, pe care cetind-o \u0219i ne\u0219tiind ce s\u2019a petrecut \u00een realitate, te apuc\u0103 comp\u0103timirea de \u00eenduio\u0219area cu care-I descrie suferin\u021bele peste care i\u2019a trecut scumpul odor. La aceea nu se g\u00e2nde\u0219te, c\u0103 feti\u021ba ei vede, c\u0103 mama afirm\u0103 un neadev\u0103r \u0219i c\u0103 acela\u0219 lucru \u00eel va face \u0219i aceasta \u00een alte \u00eemprejur\u0103ri, poate mai serioase \u0219i mai importante<\/p>Anuarul Liceului \u0219i Internatului de fete \u201eRegina Maria\u201d din Cluj pe anul al doilea \u0219colar 1925\/1926 \u0219i 1926\/1927<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Clasa I, \u00een 1935<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Observ\u0103m din spusele directorului c\u0103 uniforma \u0219i tentativa de \u201euniformizare\u201d a elevilor nu a fost o inven\u021bie a regimului comunist:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nu odat\u0103 ni s\u2019a \u00eent\u00e2mplat \u00eens\u0103, c\u0103 pun\u00e2nd \u00een aplicare regulamentele \u0219colare s\u0103 ne izbim de rezisten\u021ba anumitor p\u0103rin\u021bi, ca \u0219i c\u00e2nd aceste ordini ar veni dela corpul profesoral \u0219i ca \u0219i c\u00e2nd corpul profesoral dela Liceul Regina Maria nu are pl\u0103ceri mai mari dec\u00e2t s\u0103 impun\u0103 astfel de ordine \u0219i dispozi\u021biuni elevelor \u0219i s\u0103 le \u00eengr\u0103deasc\u0103 libertatea acestora. A\u0219a a fost \u0219i \u00een anul acesta impunerea ciorapilor negri \u0219i a \u00eenc\u0103l\u021b\u0103mintei negre la uniform\u0103, ordin impus de Ministerul instruc\u021biunei publice pentru toat\u0103 \u021bara. \u00cen loc ca onora\u021bii p\u0103rin\u021bi s\u0103 vin\u0103 la direc\u021biune \u0219i s\u0103 cear\u0103 informa\u021biuni sau s\u0103 solicite convocarea unei adun\u0103ri a comitetului \u0219colar, unde s\u0103 fac\u0103 obiect de discu\u021bie aceast\u0103 dispozi\u021bie, au pornit o agita\u021bie \u0219i o mi\u0219care afar\u0103 de \u0219coal\u0103, prin care nu numai c\u0103 n\u2019au ajutat nimic cauzei, ci a produs o o nelini\u0219te \u0219i o conturbare \u00een ordinea \u0219i disciplina \u0219colar\u0103. Nu voim s\u0103 sus\u021binem, c\u0103 corpul profesoral e infailibil \u0219i solu\u021biunile ce le d\u0103 \u0219i sanc\u021biunile ce le aplic\u0103, sau chiar interpretarea ordinelor \u0219i a regulamentelor totdeauna ar fi cea mai nimerit\u0103, c\u0103ci \u00een cele din urm\u0103 om e \u0219i profesorul \u0219i e supus \u0219i el gre\u0219elilor.<\/p>Anuarul Liceului \u0219i Internatului de fete \u201eRegina Maria\u201d din Cluj pe anul al doilea \u0219colar 1925\/1926 \u0219i 1926\/1927<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\u201eToate-s vechi \u0219i nou\u0103 toate\u201d<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Chestiunile expuse aici reprezint\u0103 doar o parte dintre problemele cu care se confrunta \u0219coala rom\u00e2neasc\u0103 \u00een primii ani de dup\u0103 Marea Unire. Al\u0103turi de obsedanta tem\u0103 a absen\u021belor, care a continuat s\u0103 preocupe factorii de decizie din \u0219coli p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een ziua de azi, se mai ad\u0103ugau noianului de neajunsuri \u0219i subfinan\u021barea sistemului, neseriozitatea elevelor, nerespectarea legii \u0219i a regulamentelor \u0219colare, calitatea manualelor \u0219.a.m.d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lectura acestor anuare ne determin\u0103 \u00eens\u0103 s\u0103 analiz\u0103m starea actual\u0103 a \u00eenv\u0103\u021b\u0103m\u00e2ntului din Rom\u00e2nia din o cu totul alt\u0103 perspectiv\u0103. Din ra\u021biuni ce \u021bin de spa\u021biu, le vom discuta \u00eentr-un articol viitor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Chiar \u0219i acum 100 de ani, tot la fel de mult chiuleau elevii \u0219i se pl\u00e2ngeau profesorii.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":22,"featured_media":3313,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[224],"tags":[411,458,48],"class_list":["post-3343","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-reportaje","tag-cosbuc","tag-perioada-interbelica","tag-scoala"],"yoast_head":"\n\u0218coala de azi vs \u0219coala de ieri: problemele -<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Perioada postdecembrist\u0103 a atras dup\u0103 sine agonia unei tranzi\u021bii dificile pentru societatea rom\u00e2neasc\u0103. 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