{"id":3418,"date":"2018-10-31T19:39:28","date_gmt":"2018-10-31T16:39:28","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/gcosbuc.ro\/revista\/?p=3418"},"modified":"2024-01-31T23:49:54","modified_gmt":"2024-01-31T20:49:54","slug":"halloween","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/taitung.eu\/index.php\/halloween\/","title":{"rendered":"Halloween"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Suntem \u00eentr-o perioad\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 electricitate, \u00eencepem s\u0103 p\u0103\u0219im c\u0103tre iarn\u0103, nop\u021bile devin tot mai lungi, oamenii \u0219optesc, v\u00e2ntul sufl\u0103 din ce \u00een ce mai tare \u0219i spiritele se trezesc la via\u021b\u0103, revin pe p\u0103m\u00e2nt, vr\u0103jitoarele \u00ee\u0219i fac de cap, iar mor\u021bii se trezesc la via\u021b\u0103. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\t<\/strong>Nu \u00ee\u021bi vine s\u0103 ie\u0219i din cas\u0103, \u00eencerci s\u0103 te baricadezi \u0219i c\u00e2nd te crezi \u00een siguran\u021b\u0103 auzi o bufnitur\u0103 zdrav\u0103n\u0103. Oblonul geamului a fost tr\u00e2ntit de v\u00e2nt. Te gr\u0103be\u0219ti s\u0103-l \u00eenchizi, iar cum te apropii de geam vezi numai umbre \u0219i printre ele o figur\u0103 \u00eenfrico\u0219\u0103toare din care iese o lumin\u0103, e\u0219ti terifiat de imagine, pentru moment \u00eencremenit \u00een neputin\u021b\u0103\u2026<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\t<\/strong>Este doar un bostan sculptat,<\/strong>cules de ni\u0219te b\u0103ie\u021bi de pe hotarul din apropiere \u0219i iluminat cu o lum\u00e2nare. \u00a0Te-a speriat! C\u00e2nd te ui\u021bi din nou\u2026 a disp\u0103rut!<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

ISTORIC <\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u00cenceputuri<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Acum 2000 de ani pe data de \u00a01 noiembrie a luat na\u0219tere Halloween-ul \u00een Europa, \u00een zonele locuite de cel\u021bi. Aceast\u0103 dat\u0103 a reprezentat \u00eenceputul anului nou la cel\u021bi, a \u00eemp\u0103r\u021birii anului agricol \u00een dou\u0103. Practic, sf\u00e2r\u0219itul verii (Samhain) \u0219i \u00eenceputul \u00a0sezonului rece, \u00eentunecat \u0219i periculos. Oamenii credeau c\u0103, odat\u0103 cu \u00eenceperea acestei perioade, spiritele reveneau printre ei, at\u00e2t cele bune, c\u00e2t \u0219i cele rele \u0219i acestea influen\u021bau evenimentele din acel an; toate \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103rile rele erau puse pe seama lor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\tDup\u0103 cucerirea roman\u0103 a zonelor locuite de cel\u021bi (43 d.Hr.), s\u0103rb\u0103toarea Samhain-ului a fost contopit\u0103 cu cea a mor\u021bilor (Feralia), un obicei prezent la romani. \u00cen 609 Papa Bonifaciu al IV-lea cu scopul de a contracara acest obicei p\u0103g\u00e2n a introdus S\u0103rb\u0103toarea Tuturor Sfin\u021bilor. Papa Grigore al IV-lea \u00een anul 837 transform\u0103 s\u0103rb\u0103toarea \u00eentr-una universal\u0103 \u0219i alege pentru aceasta data de 1 noiembrie. Este momentul c\u00e2nd comemor\u0103m Sfin\u021bii \u0219i eroii. Noaptea de dinainte este numit\u0103 Halloween sau Noaptea Tuturor Sfin\u021bilor (All Hallow\u2019s Eve). \u00cen detaliu cuv\u00e2ntul Halloween<\/em> este compus din hallow, <\/em>adic\u0103 sf\u00e2nt \u0219i –een, <\/em>ce provine Even <\/em>(forma utilizat\u0103 E\u2019en<\/em>) adic\u0103 noapte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Secolele 18-19 <\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\tImigran\u021bii irlandezi \u0219i sco\u021bieni au adus credin\u021ba \u0219i supersti\u021biile lor pe p\u0103m\u00e2nt american \u00een secolele al 18-lea \u0219i al 19-lea. Totul era despre a face o fars\u0103, de a speria pe cineva. Copii legau sfori de-a lungul drumului pentru a face oamenii s\u0103 se \u00eempiedice \u0219i s\u0103 cad\u0103, legau clan\u021bele apartamentelor opuse, de dragul glumelor, au folosit petarde pe care le puneau \u00een \u021bevi pentru a amplifica explozia \u0219i a crea panic\u0103 \u00een r\u00e2ndul oamenilor, sau au aruncat pungi de f\u0103in\u0103 \u00een oamenii care circulau pe str\u0103zile din Washington.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Secolul 20 <\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Poantele acestea erau specifice secolului al 19-lea, c\u00e2nd americanii tr\u0103iau \u00een comunit\u0103\u021bi mici \u0219i treceau z\u00e2mbind peste aceste poante ale copiilor. Din secolul al 20-lea c\u00e2nd s-au mutat spre mari centre urbane, poantele au devenit mai violente \u0219i astfel, adul\u021bii au \u00eenceput s\u0103 le interzic\u0103. Un exemplu poate s\u0103 fie acel articol scris de directorul \u0219colii din Rochester prin care atr\u0103gea aten\u021bia c\u0103 dezumflatul ro\u021bilor de la ma\u0219ini nu mai este distractiv.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/
Prima carte po\u0219tal\u0103 cu Halloween, 1908<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\tAutorit\u0103\u021bile din SUA au \u00eencercat alternative pentru a \u00eenlocui Halloween-ul. Un exemplu \u00een acest sens vine din 1950 c\u00e2nd pre\u0219edintele Americii, Harry S. Thruman, a propus o alternativ\u0103: Youth Honor Day<\/em>. Prin aceasta s-a \u00eencercat cultivarea \u00een r\u00e2ndul celor tineri a unei atitudini sociale \u0219i morale de alt\u0103 factur\u0103 ca p\u00e2n\u0103 atunci (de exemplu cum s\u0103 fie politico\u0219i \u0219i s\u0103 cear\u0103 bomboane, dulcuri \u00een aceast\u0103 manier\u0103). Pentru a schimba atitudinea copiilor \u00een aceast\u0103 zi, s-au angajat mai multe agen\u021bii media, precum: revista The American Home, <\/em>CBS a dat la radio emisiunea The Baby Snooks Show, <\/em>sau NBC \u00eempreun\u0103 cu CBS au difuzat seria TV The Jack Benny Program, etc.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\t<\/em>Tranzi\u021bia a fost una lent\u0103 de la poante la ceea ce \u0219tim c\u0103 este \u00a0ast\u0103zi Halloween-ul. Un moment crucial s-a produs cu difuzarea sitcom-ului The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet<\/em>, unde \u00eentr-un episod, copii costuma\u021bi au venit la u\u0219a lui Ozzie \u0219i Harriet. Ace\u0219tia au fost foarte uimi\u021bi \u0219i au dat copiilor dulciuri. Din acel moment, Halloween-ul s-a transformat \u00eentr-o s\u0103rb\u0103toare b\u0103noas\u0103 \u0219i una care treptat, s-a interna\u021bionalizat. Ca fun fact, \u00een 1965 pe seama Halloween-ului s-a \u00eenregistrat un profit de 300 milioane de dolari numai din dulciuri \u0219i costume \u00een SUA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

HALLOWEEN-UL PRIN LUME<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\tIrlanda este \u021bara de unde a pornit Halloween-ul, locul unde copii \u0219i azi sunt pu\u0219i pe poante \u0219i pe speriatul oamenilor. Aceast\u0103 s\u0103rb\u0103toare este foarte popular\u0103 \u0219i prin Germania, Fran\u021ba, Marea Britanie, Japonia sau Africa de Sud. Peste tot elementele de baz\u0103 pentru un Halloween reu\u0219it sunt costumele, dulciurile, mai nou petrecerile \u0219i bine \u00een\u021beles bostanul. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

La noi, \u00een Ardeal, bostanul are un rol important, este elementul central al Halloween-ului. \u00cen zona Transilvaniei pepenele gigant<\/em> ajunge \u0219i se r\u0103sp\u00e2nde\u0219te prin secolul al 19-lea. Repede devine un aliment iubit de majoritatea popula\u021biei \u0219i concomitent un element simbolic \u00a0pentru Halloween. Bostanul este comoara portocalie a toamnei, \u00een viziunea multor oameni (de-a lungul istoriei) un simbol al s\u0103r\u0103ciei. Este de fapt una dintre cele mai bune gust\u0103ri ale sezonului. Originea sa se reg\u0103se\u0219te pe continentul american. \u00cen englez\u0103 este denumit pumpkin, <\/em>cuv\u00e2nt ce vine din greac\u0103, pepon <\/em>\u0219i \u00eenseamn\u0103 pepene mare. Bostanul este simbolul acestei s\u0103rb\u0103tori datorit\u0103 lanternelor care se fabric\u0103 din ele. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nu conteaz\u0103 dac\u0103 s\u0103rb\u0103torim Halloween-ul sau nu, aceste elemente sunt simboluri care se potrivesc cu toamna, reprezint\u0103 acest anotimp \u0219i creaz\u0103 o atmosfer\u0103 special\u0103. Lum\u00e2narea din bostan d\u0103 un sentiment de apropriere, de familie \u0219i \u00een acela\u0219i timp, prin lumina ei de pe perete, un sentiment de nesiguran\u021b\u0103, plin de mister. \u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

CONCLUZIE<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Halloween-ul e un fel de ritual, care are scopul de a ne \u021bine uni\u021bi, e un fel de conexiune social\u0103, care ne face mai ferici\u021bi, amabili \u0219i de ce nu prin buna dispozi\u021bie mai s\u0103n\u0103to\u0219i. Poate s\u0103 fie una dintre acele momente c\u00e2nd nu ne putem opune unei dorin\u021be absolute, de a m\u00e2nca dulciuri. Avem nevoie de dulciuri! \ud83d\ude42 Contrar discu\u021biilor legate de ritualuri p\u0103g\u00e2ne, sau legate de comer\u021b, v\u0103 doresc distrac\u021bie din bel\u0219ug \u0219i dulciuri multe. HAPPY HALLOWEEN!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/figure><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Suntem \u00eentr-o perioad\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 electricitate, \u00eencepem s\u0103 p\u0103\u0219im c\u0103tre iarn\u0103, nop\u021bile devin tot mai lungi, oamenii \u0219optesc, v\u00e2ntul sufl\u0103 din ce \u00een ce mai tare \u0219i spiritele se trezesc la via\u021b\u0103, revin pe p\u0103m\u00e2nt, vr\u0103jitoarele \u00ee\u0219i fac de cap, iar mor\u021bii se trezesc la via\u021b\u0103. Nu \u00ee\u021bi vine s\u0103 ie\u0219i din cas\u0103, \u00eencerci s\u0103 te…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":21,"featured_media":3419,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1307],"tags":[478,477,334],"class_list":["post-3418","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-prin-istorie","tag-dulciuri","tag-halloween","tag-istorie"],"yoast_head":"\nHalloween -<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Secolul al 19-lea \u0219i urbanizarea au schimbat s\u0103rb\u0103torile, dezl\u0103n\u021buind, d\u00e2nd fr\u00e2u liber haosului. Este perioada c\u00e2nd Halloweenul \u00eenseamn\u0103 poante \u0219i dulciuri.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/taitung.eu\/index.php\/halloween\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Halloween -\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Secolul al 19-lea \u0219i urbanizarea au schimbat s\u0103rb\u0103torile, dezl\u0103n\u021buind, d\u00e2nd fr\u00e2u liber haosului. 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